Interleukin-6 inhibitory effect of natural product naringenin compared to a synthesised monoclonal antibody against life-threatening COVID-19.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic in 2020 with high patient mortality due to acute respiratory distress syndrome which is possibly induced by a Cytokine release syndrome and more specifically through an interleukin-6 (IL-6) booster. Currently, IL-6/IL-6R inhibitors indicated an effective function in reducing the inflammatory markers in severe COVID-19 patients. In this comprehensively narrative review, we searched online academic databases including (Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Pub Med), the relevant literature was extracted from the databases by using search terms of COVID-19, IL-6, and IL6 inhibitor as free-text words and also with the combination with OR/AND to summarise the latest discoveries on the inhibitors of IL-6 and its receptor's especially focussing on the role of natural product, Naringin (NAR) as a flavonoid found in citrus fruits, with considerable anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties in COVID-19 treatments. Our data Therefore in comparison with other synthetic monoclonal antibodies NAR may provide a good qualification for the development of novel anti-inflammatory agents, especially against Covid 19 based on recent studies.

Simvastatin Therapy Increased miR-150-5pExpression in the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and COVID-19.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a deadly infectious disease, especially for those with co-morbidities such as diabetes. People with diabetes developing a viral infection, seem to have harder treatments due to fluctuations in blood glucose levels therefore, effective therapeutic approaches need to be considered for them. Statins are well-known lipid-lowering drugs; they also have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and can impact on expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). METHODS: In this study we investigate the effects of simvastatin on the expression of miR-150-5p as a famous regulator of inflammation and its association with multiple cancers in 30 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and COVID-19 compared to the COVID-19 hospitalized patients before and after treatment with simvastatin with real-time-PCR after 2month, and evaluate its targets gens and functions with the help of bioinformatics and GO enrichment analysis respectively. RESULTS: Our results showed that simvastatin can increase miR-150-5p and therefore down regulate expression of its target genes involving in immune stimulation and decrease lipid profile including LDL-C, total cholesterol, and ApoB, especially in the group with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and COVID-19 compared to the patients with only COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Simvastatin as an anti-inflammatory agent can modulate miRNAs expression; it can be suggested as an adjunct therapy especially for T2DM patients with COVID-19. Further studies may help us for developing better treatments about therapeutic manipulation of miRNAs in vivo.